Globalization in Great Britain - 792 Words

Globalization is described as the process through which the regional societies, economics and cultures are becoming integrated by a global network of ideas of politics via, transportation, communication and trade. It is mostly assumed to be economic globalization or the integration of the nationally based economics into one international economy through foreign direct investment, trade or capital flow or the spread of technology. The study below concerns the advantages and disadvantages of globalization in reference to Britain Advantages and disadvantages of globalization in Britain Britain is one of the most developed nations of the world; this is in reference to its economic status compared to the international expectations. There are†¦show more content†¦This entity is considered for the enhancement of marketing ideas and formulates it for the implementation of global scale (Boesak amp; Hansen, 2009). Globalization has also led to improvement in the political status of Britain because it creates an opportunity for the government to compare its leadership skills with those of the other nations and copy some of the most unique. Generally de-localization of business and other activities enables the nation to improve its performance. Globalization has led to spread of technology from one nation to the other thus resulting to improvement in the activities of the less developed ones. As a developed country, Britain compares all activities and positive moves in their competitors like the adverse technological skills in America to improve all the activities taking place (Milward, 2003). Globalization also has some negative effects in the developed nations like Britain. the economic crisis affecting one nation like America also affects Britain, this is because the process changes the world to become a one big market thus the disruption of the economic status in one corner of the world especially in the most influential nations like America affects all the other nations especially the competitors or those whose economic activities are linked. There is increased flow of the skilled and non-skilledShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Globalization1284 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization effect on the world â€Å"Economic globalization alludes to the expanding reliance of world economies because of the developing size of cross-outskirt exchange of items and administrations, the stream of universal capital and wide and quick spread of advancements†. (â€Å" http://www.un.org/en/development/desa â€Å"). The quick developing importance of data in a wide range of beneficial exercises and marketization are the two noteworthy main thrusts of financial globalization. Economic GlobalizationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scramble For Africa 1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthat stood in the place of a mother to tell the European powers that they needed to share, the single greatest power of the time, Great Britain, surly tried to play the part of mamma. â€Å"The scramble for Africa is subject to countless studies†¦ no single event set off the scramble†. Taking a look at two of the factors that played a massive role in the scramble, globalization, and natural resources, a picture to why the scramble for Africa took place can be better understood to modern scholars. LookingRead More6 Beer in Mesopotamia Essay822 Words   |  4 Pagesto the taste. Chapter 9 and 10: Tea and the British Empire 1. Explain why the industrial revolution began in Britain. You can trace the history (events) of the revolution in your explanation. Be sure to include at least one role that tea played in the British industrialization. The industrial revolution began in Great Britain because of the textile industry. Britain had an abundance of cotton used in the making of textiles. When the cottage industry and the manufacturing of clothes atRead MoreThis Political Study Will Define The Reemergence Of Nationalism1513 Words   |  7 PagesThis political study will define the reemergence of nationalism due to the failed economic policies of globalization in the Brexit EU Vote. The Brexit Vote defines the lack of economic security promised by the European Union, which had dominated much of Britain‘s global objectives in the world economy. However, the problematic banking issues of the European Central bank (ECB) and the bankruptcy of certain nation states, such as Ireland, Greece, and Portugal, have inspired a new nationalist movementRead MoreThe Invention Of Airplanes : The United States Of America And Great Britain1748 Words   |  7 Pagesmakes them so important to talk about in society. They might be over looked sometimes, but they have added a lot to history and should not be taken for granted for what they achieve. To focus on a few countries, the United States of America and Great Britain, the invention of airplanes had some of its largest impact on them. Whether that be in terms of travel or warfare, these countries benefited more than the average. Planes made a whole new empire and became a necessity for everyday people, whileRead MoreThe Importance Of Globalization1122 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is important to understand in order to determine what worked in the past and can be successful again in the future. Our many cultures, ideals and growing technology form together to create an extremely global world. We use products that were made on the other side of the world, and are taxed on practically everything. Whether the effects of our global society is good or bad, there’s no doubt that the world is constantly changing and impacting our livelihoods, so we must adapt accordinglyRead MoreUuhujsdkkd1008 Words   |  5 PagesLouise Gonzales Legacies of Historical Globalization – Hand In Assignments 1) How does the map on p.144 of Exploring Globalization demonstrate the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence? Explain using examples. The map demonstrates the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence because it represents the European Imperialism and Europe’s scramble for empire. European Imperialism contributed to the spread of science, religion, philosophyRead MoreEconomic Integration and Global Markets to Uk Business Organizations1735 Words   |  7 PagesConclusion-------------------------------------------------------8 References-------------------------------------------------------9 Introduction With the increase of the countries of the European Union, the European Union (EU), the European monetary Union (EMU), international trade, globalization, economic integration and global markets, and these nouns has come up in the line of sight of people. The report mainly analysis the international trade, the reason of international trade, the importance of international trade, economic integrationRead MoreIndia s Break From The British Raj1652 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is, what does India’s example of resistance show us about both imperialism and globalization? To effectively analyze their resistance movement, we must consider the many causes for the tension and need for separation, the nature of the resistance movement, and most importantly, whether or not it was effective. From my research, I learned that there were countless causes for resistance towards Great Britain due to the fact that so many issues had been building up between the two countries overtimeRead MorePositive And Negative Consequences Of Globalization1529 Words   |  7 Pagespocket. However, if it were not for globalization we would not possess any of the things that we have to this day. Yet, what are the consequences of globalization and how do they af fect different parties? One must inquire about these concerns because it is necessary to understand both positions in order to be aware of the positive and the negative stance that globalization takes. Also there should be awareness in the policies that have arose based on globalization. Sachs, mentions that there is no

Benefits of the Placebo Effect - 918 Words

What if there was a new drug that’s making you high, but is just a sugar pill? What if you can get drunk with non-alcoholic drinks? What if there was a pill that can cure all your physical and emotional problems? This is known as the placebo effect. The placebo effect is a phenomenon in which some people experience a type of benefit after the use of a placebo. A placebo is any substance with no known medical effects; such as sterile water, saline solution, or a sugar pill. (About.com Psychology) Although it doesn’t have known effects, people exposed to the placebo effect often gets the effect on what it’s supposed to do. A placebo is a substance or other kind of treatment that looks like a regular treatment or medicine, but it is really not. It is actually a treatment or substance that is inactive; this means that it is not a real medicine. The person who is getting a placebo does not know that the treatment is not real. Sometimes the placebo is in the form of a â€Å"sugar pill,† but a placebo can also be an injection, a liquid, a procedure, or any other type of therapy that doesn’t directly affect the illness being treated. Even though placebos do not act directly on the disease, it affects about 30% of people who experienced it.(Tulsa Brain Tumor Clinic.) People taking placebos have experienced reduced pain, healed ulcers, eased nausea, and many other illnesses.(ScienceDaily.) As many people suggest, the placebo is actually an expectancy effect; when people already know whatShow MoreRelatedHow Placebos Can Be Effective Method Of Treatment1268 Words   |  6 PagesKnowing that placeb os can be an effective method of treatment, Espay et al. (2015) wanted to see if the price of a placebo would alter its effectiveness. The researchers conducted a double-blind study with twelve patients with moderate to severe Parkinson’s disease. The participants were told that they would be receiving two new injectable dopamine agonists which, despite their large difference in price ($100 and $1,500) were thought to be equally effective. Participants were further told thatRead MorePlacebo Use For Pain Management1692 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Placebo use in place of effective pain medication to manage pain was widely spread, until the first half of the 20th century when physicians recognized that the use of placebo is ineffective, harmful, and unethical. This formed a real threat for the professionals and become one of the most controversial issues in the last century. This paper set a statement and rationale for eliminate the use of placebo according to the available scientific and ethical literatures on the controversialRead MoreThe General Issues Of Prescribing Medication Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pagesissues of prescribing medication. Rather, the purpose is to question whether it is ethical for clinicians to prescribe placebos in clinical practice. Through defining placebo and placebo effect and presenting a case where a placebo is prescribed, I argue that in limited cases it is ethical for clinicians to prescribe a placebo for a patient. Derived from Latin, the term placebo translates into â€Å"I shall please, future indicative of placere to please† (etymonline.com). Dating back to early 13thRead MoreThe Placebo Effect Curing Patients1253 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most remarkable stories in medical history is the effect the placebo had on Mr. Wright. He had an amazing result from an â€Å"soon-to-be-labeled placebo cancer drug, with baseball-sized tumors melting over the weekend.† (Maloney 2014). When the news was revealed it showed that the drug was ineffective so, Wrights doctor did something completely unethical. He injected Mr. Wright with a saline solution and told him it was an â€Å"improved version of the drug.† (Maloney 2014). Mr. Wrights cancerRead MoreSports Will Either Be A School Of Virtue Or A School Of1254 Words   |  6 PagesStudies show that placebos have powerful effects on strength, endurance, and pain tolerance; but they’re also not completely understood. Ex perimental research on the psychology of placebos found that injecting athletes with morphine allowed them to exercise longer and harder during training, and that these performance increases could be replicated by a placebo injection on the day of competition. Considering athletes can experience the same performance-enhancing benefits by taking a placebo on competitionRead MoreHenry K. Beecher s The Placebo Effect1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe placebo effect is the idea in that one believes that a certain substance or object can physically and mentally benefit them. The placebo effect is a fascinating discovery that was first studied by Henry K. Beecher in World War II. Beecher served as an Army medic in WWII, helping wounded soldiers coming back from battle against the Axis forces. While treating soldiers, Beecher realized that the morphine supply was running low and he was forced to use a saline solution to infuse into the woundedRead MorePlacebo Effects And Placebo Effect1458 Words   |  6 Pages Is the Placebo Effect useful? What is a Placebo Effect? When is the placebo effect used, why is the placebo effect used? Who dose the placebo effect work on? Is the placebo effect only for sick people? Is the placebo effect a drug, a trick, or a cure? Is the placebo effect used often or regularly? Dose the placebo effect work? Is the placebo effect useful? All of these questions will be addressed regarding placebo effect, from what is the placebo effect, why the placebo effect is used, whoRead MoreArticle Review: The Magic of the Placebo by David Bjerklie1499 Words   |  6 Pageshow would you feel if after taking the medication and feeling better you came to find out you were given a placebo? This may sound upsetting to some, however, â€Å" a recent survey of U.S. internists and rheumatologists found that some 50% regular prescribe placebos.† A placebo is defined as a false treatment without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient. The use of placebos as a primary form of treatment wit h any pathology is not happening anytime soon, but their positive impact andRead MoreTreatment Of Mental Health Disorders1388 Words   |  6 Pageseffectiveness, side effects and alternative treatments suggest reduction in the scope of antidepressant use for mental health disorders. The advent of antidepressant medications in the 1950s was a breakthrough in psychiatry. Antidepressant medications contributed to the understanding of a key mechanism in mental health disorders (Lopez-Munoz). Prior to this discovery, many believed mental health disorders were caused by alterations of the soul (Lopez-Munoz). The neurochemical effect of antidepressantsRead MoreA Randomized Trial Of Low Dose Aspirin1747 Words   |  7 Pagesas recommended by the CONSORT guidelines (Schulz, Altman, Moher, 2010). The abstract does, however, represent the overall study well and compels the reader to continue reading the article that overall contributes significant evidence about the benefits and risks of using low dose aspirin therapy in women for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Introduction Ridker et al. (2005) sought to determine if aspirin use in primary prevention is effective for women. They found that a gap

Ethics Leadership and Decision Making Process

Question: Discuss about the Ethics Leadership and Decision Making Process. Answer: Introduction: Managers have the responsibility to lead the company to achieve its goals and objectives. The principal aim of any business is to make more sales which will, in turn, result in high profits margin for the company. Managers or the leaders of any organization have a great task to drive it to a high level enabling it to be competitive in the market. Any decision they made will affect the organization either directly or indirectly and therefore; leaders must be careful in any decision they make in the body. The decision is the determinants of whether the team will succeed or it will fail. Customers satisfaction is the aim of groups as happy customers will come back for more goods and services and also will recommend the firms to friends and family increasing the customer numbers. All decision, therefore, are aims at fulfilling the needs of the customers. Intensive research must be done before any decision is implemented and all parties involved must be consulted to give their opinions. C onsequently, these paper will look deeper the decisions that the managers or leaders of the organization make to attract more customers and the consequences. Also, it will look how the decisions are ethical to the rules of the business. (Northouse, 2012). The organization has a social responsibility of making sure that all the activities it undertakes put into consideration or promote a positive relationship with the stakeholders both those within the organization and those outside the organization. It should do this whether it makes profits or it does not make profits. The stakeholders within the organization include the employees whereas the outside speakers include the community as a whole. Through this consideration, they will be peace between the team and the stakeholders. Conflicts in any business always result in the failure of the structure as the leadership will concentrate on the dispute and forget the primary duty. Managers should always ensure that the business environment is conducive for working by the workers. Business ethics are the guidelines that the managers use during decision making to know what is right and bad to do or what is acceptable and not acceptable. Managers are always faced with dilemmas' during the decisions they make as they are unaware of the reactions of the customers. Consumers of the company's products are always unpredictable, and it is very hard to know how to please them. Business competition is very high, and managers must be creative and innovative in the decisions they undertake not to lose their customers. The blue ocean strategy is adopted by managers to find markets not concentrated, and these are a method of eliminating competition. It is the wish of any business person to have no competition as this makes the customers have no choice but to buy from the seller no matter the conditions of the products or services they offer. The seller has the monopoly power which he enjoys. Therefore, managers should not be afraid to make decisions and failing, they will l earn from the failure and next time makes more informed decision. The Women-only ridesharing company set to launch in Australia is in a dilemma as to whether the decisions they are making will profitable. The company is set to employ women as its drivers in its transport vehicles. The leaders of the enterprise are violated women who only want women worker. Even though the company has not been yet launched it is experiencing more opposition from the men as they view the move as unfair and illegal. The management, therefore, has a hard task to curb the dissatisfaction among the people. This situation may make the company start and not to have customers enough to ensure its continuity. The decision the leaders make must put into consideration the needs of the potential clients, ethics and also their personal decision-making attributes. If the company managers are happy to satisfy the customers, it will be a good start to future success. They may also use the harmful exposure to their advantage, the company has already gained popularity through the sca ndals and therefore, it can change that policy and employ all genders persons and curb the dissatisfaction. Its popularity is high among the Australia citizens and its needs only to have a remedy to their cries (Hansen, Goldberg,1999, pp.495). Businesses when making ethical decisions they must be aware of various factors; it is very crucial to know the nature of the business they operate in as different businesses needs different decisions. The stakeholders both within and outside the company will determine the success of the firm, and it's important for the managers to know well the nature of their stakeholders to be able to make a decision which they will accept. The management and leadership that an organization has will determine the decisions it will. Creative and innovative direction and management will be able to come up with unique ways of doing things, and this will be detrimental in ensuring business success. Parochial managers will always be afraid of competitions, and this will make the organizations be outdated with no unique products and services to offer to their customers. The driver of the decisions to be done in the body is the objectives and the goals it intends to achieve. These are the motivators for a ny business to fight competition in the hope that it will be successful and market leader. Location of the firm will also matter on the decision it will make. Factors in the environment are imperative to the managers of decision-making. For example, an organization cannot succeed if neglects men in the society yet they are the greatest buyers or consumers of their goods and services. There are tools helping organizations in decision making, and they include social responsibility curve, ethical and legal matrix and the pyramid of corporate social responsibility. These tools are used by the managers when making decisions to ensure that they do not make different decisions and scare away customers. Social responsibility curve This curve compares the objectives of the business and the social goals. The two variable may also be called egoism and altruism. Egoism represents the interest of the owners of the organization who may also be the managers of the business. The interests of any organizations are to make more profits by attracting more customers. These principles state that a company policy or decision is good when it ensures that the company achieves its goals and objectives without taking into consideration the needs of the customers. The altruism principle takes into account the needs of the customers. The customers' needs are getting fair prices, quality and quantity goods, excellent service, etc. with the aim of their needs being satisfied by the sellers who are the organization's. These principle states that any decision is right if only it ensures customers satisfaction without taking into consideration the situation of the seller. The two principles cater for the needs of one party without taking into account the position the other party. This conditions will mistreat one party leading to dissatisfaction. Eventually, the conflict will arise making both the parties needs not be met. The best solution so this situation is neither following any of the two principles but come into a situation where no party benefits while the other suffers. For satisfactions, each party must put into account the situation of the other party. Ethical/Legal Matrix Decisions made by managers or leaders of an organization must be moral and juridical. Moral means that they conform to the accepted norms by the stakeholders whereas legal implies that the decisions follow the laws set by the authority. These two variable are the most important points in any decision-making process (Trevino, 1986, pp. 601-617). The matrix has four quadrants which are: Ethical but illegal decisions These are the decisions that adhere to the acceptable norms for both within and outside stakeholders of the business. However, the decisions are illegal meaning that they are against the rules and regulations set by the authorities. These decisions are not right for any leaders as they will end causing trouble which may cause business failure and stoppage. Unethical and legal decisions These are decisions which are against the accepted norms for stakeholders, but they are as per the requirements by the authority. Even though this decisions organization can adopt without trouble with the law, they may cause losses to the business. What they may aim of any business is to satisfy the needs of the customers, and if they cannot, it means weak sales to the company resulting in market failure. Ethical and legal decisions These are the best decisions as they are accepted bay all the parties involved that is, the stakeholders recognize them and they are as per the requirements of the authorities. These decisions are favorable for any business and best to be undertaken by any manager. Unethical and illegal decisions Decisions of this kind are the worst as they are not acceptable by the law and also the also they do not conform to the accepted norms for the stakeholders. The decisions only lead to losses for the company and are of no benefit to the enterprise. Pyramid of corporate responsibility Developed by Pride and Terrel these tools identify the areas that are considered when the leaders make any decision for the organization (Carroll, 1991, pp.39-48). The four areas are: Economic factors The main aim of any business is to make profits or gains and not losses. Managers should make decisions which will cause success to their activities as it is the primary goal. Legal objectives The laws of the country set by the authority must be obeyed by the company to avoid trouble. Violation of the set rules and regulations may make the business stop operation or incur high fines established by the business court. Ethical objectives Since the customers' satisfactions is the aim for any business, leaders must check the standards that are accepted and conform to them as they will ensure high customers numbers. Sales of the goods of the products of the organization will increase increasing the profits margins for the business. Philanthropic objectives Companies operate in the society, and therefore, they should protect the environment and give back to the community. The success of the firm is well spent by giving back to the community like constructing schools, health centers, playgrounds, etc. This action will motivate more customers to buy products and goods and also help create a good image for the organization. Ethical decision making is critical for the business and despite the different tools used they must have some general factors. The leaders who make decisions traits are crucial in making any constructive decision. Leaders must have moral awareness when making any decision as this will make them know the decisions to take as the know the moral dilemmas they are exposed. Finally, it's appropriate that the managers make the decision which is right and accepted by all the parties. Ethics, leadership and decision making are dependent on each other to ensure that business succeeds in the activities it undertakes. Leaders have different leadership traits which make some leaders successful in the organizations they run, and other make the business fail. Great leaders are researchers, and they are careful in the decisions they make. Decisions are the steps or the course of actions that managers undertake regarding employment of the employees, decision as to the manufacturing processes, marketing procedures in the organization. The better decision is the backbone of any organization success. Business may find it hard to balance between their needs and the needs of the customers. However, for companies to ensure that they make a balance between their needs, the needs of the clients and the standards or now they can look the following factors; environmental research is appropriate to ensure that they now the current developments. The needs of the stakeholders must be well identified to ensure no conflicts of interest that may arise between them and the organization. The organization should also prioritize the needs the stakeholders and their needs. To know how the customers, feel about the goods of the company the managers should provide mechanisms on how customers may give feedback on the property and services they receive. Accountability is a key element to the leadership of any organization. In the case of any mistake or dissatisfaction of the customers, the managers must take responsibility to be able to solve the needs of them amicably. These will enable the organizat ion to makes changes to satisfy the needs of the customers entirely. Organization observance to the ethical issues has many benefits to the organization and the stakeholders. The business is assured of continuity as they have the loyalty of the customers or the interested parties and this ensures high sales. Conflicts between the companies and the stakeholders are always prevalent, and they are reduced if the managers observe the standards set out during catering for their needs. The positive relation between the business and the customers as it ensures that the client's attraction is high to the goods and services of the firms. When the business relates well with the customers, it means that it has a competitive edge in the market and this is very healthy for ensuring survival in the market. A good relationship with stakeholders reduce employees turnover, and this reduces the cost or hiring and firing employees for the organization. The business needs support by the society it operates in since they are first customers to the products of the company. Good relationships with the community by the firm with facilitate its success. However, a business cannot have any wrangles with the stakeholders, and this may be caused by various factors. The interest between the two parties are different and to sometimes disagreement may arise, but it is okay to disagree among businesses and the stakeholders. Measures, therefore, must be taken into account to solve the conflicts. The issue of prioritizing the stakeholders may bring conflicts since some are seen more important than the others. Some speakers may feel sick due to the discrimination they face from the businesses. Disputes may be attributable to unreasonable demands by the customers; this may be like requesting high salaries, low prices for the products, stealing firm's products and also being involved in corruption deals. Leaders are the people who run the organizations as they make rules that are followed by all the stakeholders in their operation. There is the need for the manager to consult all the people when making any decision for the organization. Ethical dilemmas are common to the business as the decisions made may conflict. Solutions must be sought to solve the disputes and ensure business continue as normal. Leaders must be visionary and be able to forecast what is expected and enable better decisions to be undertaken by the organization. They should find a new market for the products. Remuneration and compensation of the efforts of the employees may boost its performance as they are motivated to work hard. The business environment must be safe for the workers and take into consideration their needs and wants. Cooperation within the organization between the management and the employees is critical for better service and production of goods. Managers should ensure that the products that are p roduced meet the requirements of the law and also the stakeholders. There are theories that explain the leadership traits of the managers; The trait theory This theory suggests that leaders are born with that element of leadership in them. The items in leaderships are the ones that make them unique from the other leaders. The leaders have a quality which makes them do better than others, and this includes creativity qualities, sense of responsibility and other conditions. All these qualities vary from one person to another and are the ones that make them distinct from others (Matthews, Deary Whiteman, 2003, p. 3). Behavioral traits These are qualities that arise from how people handle themselves with manners, responsible and courage making them be seen as leaders since they have the ability to show the direction to the other people. Leaders are risk takers, but take risks after carefully evaluating the consequences that may result afterward. Decisions made must have a reason underneath them. The decision has many stages before they can actualize or put into action. The decision must be identified by the managers. Information must be gathered on the decision to be undertaken by the management. All the alternatives must be evaluated to see the best decision that can be taken. Evidence of the different decisions should be measured to see the decision that looks more appropriate to the organization is executed. The choice must be made among the alternatives provided and the most suitable chosen. The decision best qualified should be then put into action by the leaders. Eventually, feedback should be made available on how the decision affected the organization. The aim of each decision is to ensure high sales for the group, if the decision is profitable, it should be implemented and made as a law for the organization to be followed (Saaty, 2008, pp.83-98). The success of the business is a collective responsibility for all the stakeholders. No matter how the speaker is small, he has a duty to play in the high performance of the organization. The organization is investments by the business people and losses are not among the reasons for formation. Leaders chosen to lead an organization must be willing and able to offer leadership skill to the other staff. Rules and regulations they set must be observed by all and no deviations of any kind. Business activities are risky projects but the higher the risk, the higher the benefit and business people should not be afraid of uncertainties. Finally, better management for the companies will determine its success, and the owners must choose leaders with reputation and able to run the business well. Leaders can ensure the organizations are run by the norms or standards for the stakeholders by knowing the standards and incorporating them in the rules of the society. When the relationship between the organization and stakeholders is good the business will automatically grow and become successful. References Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders.Business horizons,34(4), 39-48. Carter, E. E. (1971). The behavioral theory of the firm and top-level corporate decisions.Administrative Science Quarterly, 413-429. Fisher, B. A., Ellis, D. G. (1980).Small group decision making: Communication and the group process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hansen, N. D., Goldberg, S. G. (1999). Navigating the nuances: A matrix of considerations for ethical-legal dilemmas.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,30(5), 495. Kim, W. C., Mauborgne, R. (2004). Blue ocean strategy.If you read nothing else on strategy, read thesebest-selling articles., 71. Lo, B. (2012).Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., Whiteman, M. C. (2003).Personality traits. Cambridge University Press. Mauborgne, R. (2005).Blue Ocean Strategy. Penerbit Serambi. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective.Academy of management review,26(1), 117-127. Northouse, P. G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Rhodes, M. L. (1986). Ethical dilemmas in social work practice. Rost, J. C. (1998). Leadership and management.Leading organizations: Perspectives for a new era, 397-114. Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process.International journal of services sciences,1(1), 83-98. Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model.Academy of management Review,11(3), 601-617. Weathersby, G. B. (1999). Leadership vs. management.Management Review,88(3), 5.

Journey Through My Mind Essays - Epistemology, Afterlife, Belief

Journey Through My Mind Human beings are very inquisitive creatures by nature. Since the dawn of mankind, the basis for existence has been relentlessly sought. Everyone has differing views and everyone is ?right? according to him or herself. So, what does that mean? Why do people believe the things they do? My Agnostic religion is a very large part of who I am, and that is why I have decided to focus my paper on this aspect of my life. Unlike the majority of the people on this earth (estimated at somewhere around 95% I believe), I do not necessarily believe in ?God? or a higher creature. I was not raised to worship an invisible, omnipotent being and I believe this is the main reason I think the way I do now. I was raised to have a very liberal mind towards everything and I have come to the realization that this is the best way to live. Curiosity has guided my mind through countless hours of contemplation over certain beliefs and flaws in these beliefs. I will be making a few generalizations in this paper. This is wholly for the sake of argument. As a rule, I invite criticism because it gives me more to think about and I will undoubtedly gain insight, which is the ultimate goal. First of all, how can a person decide without doubt that they are ?right? without even understanding all the other ideas. It is my opinion that most people are not educated on all the other hundreds of thousands of differing beliefs on the subject of creation and religion. It seems to me that many people know a great deal about their own religion, but are completely in the dark about anything else. It also occurred to me that many people are simply born into a religion, and never stray from it. How can you make a decision before you know all the facts and all the choices? It is like taking a multiple-choice test, and automatically picking A because it is the first thing you read and it looks right. It doesn't matter what the others choices are, because A has to be right. Obviously there is not much logic to this method, yet it is what happens all the time. If you are born Christian and raised Christian and know about Christian and only Christian then a Christian belief system is comforting to you. Humans like comfort. Humans like to be assured that they are right. They get this assurance from attending church. Observation the second: is there one Absolute Truth? Many people argue that the afterlife is different for everyone, and therefore, everyone can be right. Is this conceivable? So, does that mean I can believe whatever I want about the afterlife and that will come true? I am eliminating this possibility for, to me it is merely the ?easy way out?, therefore there can only be one other option; that there IS only one Absolute Truth. In that case, that must mean someone is right. Wait, no it doesn't! One religion could be the ?right? one, but not necessarily. Maybe no one has actually stumbled upon the real truth yet?this is a possibility. Either way, in either of those cases, it means there are literally billions of people who are dedicating their entire lives to a belief that, for all intents and purposes, is completely false. That's discouraging. Does this mean they are all destined for an afterlife of damnation in ?hell According to many religions, that is true. That's even more disco uraging. Alarming observation number three: How can someone stick so ardently to something that they were merely by chance born into, when there are so many other possibilities and such a high chance of being ?wrong Does everyone just happen to be lucky and have been born into the ?right? religion? Apparently. History has already proven that masses of people can be wrong. I will revert to that good old example of the flat earth idea. Of course the world isn't flat. We know that now because we have the scientific capabilities of determining that it's not. Hundreds of years ago, when this flat earth idea was born, they

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English free essay sample

This study has been completed with the help and support of many people. Therefore, I am grateful to all of them. Most importantly, I wish to give my special acknowledgement to Mr. Le Hung Tien, my supervisor, who has made a significant contribution to the success of this research. He shaped me on the path toward being an independent researcher. I also would like to give my thanks for Ms. Le Huong Hoa, my tutor. Dear Ms. Hoa, thank you for your initial ideas of the research topic and your support during the time I was conducting the research. You have invested a lot of energy and valuable time counseling and correcting my study. Without your help and support, I would have been in much trouble completing my study. Working with you, I have learned a lot of valuable knowledge and experiences in doing research. Besides, I would like to Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dinh Thi Hoa, lecturer of Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry, who gave me advice on my study. Her advice and guidance helped me overcome difficulties while I was implementing the research. No acknowledgement would be completed without thanking my parents who always encourage and take care about me. Their love and encouragement is priceless, which inspired me so much in finishing this research. I also want to give acknowledgement to my friends who spent their time to help me analyze my paper and provide insightful comments. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISOR’S REMARKS Grade: Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien ABSTRACT The research carried out under the title â€Å"A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry†. The obstacles in teaching and learning speaking skill are surveyed in some selected classes and observed by the researcher. Interviews are also organized to get supplementary results for the questionnaires. All the quantitative and qualitative methods are conveyed to get data for the research. As the result, teachers and students have different difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. In classes, the teachers surveyed meet difficulties with the large size of classes, students’low motivation, students’insufficient English competence, and so on while students meet obstacles such as difficult lessons, teacher’s unsuitable teaching methods, and the worries of making mistakes. In summary, all the difficulties originate from objective and subjective reasons. PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. The rationale of the study: Nowadays, English plays an important role in the society. The number of people English speaking is becoming popularly. Speaking skill is one of the inevitable skills in learning English. Penny Ur (1996:120) noted, â€Å"Speaking seems intuitively the most important in four basic skills†. In fact, through speaking, people can express their opinions, make social contact with others people, establish rapport. In some situation, we use English speaking to give instructions or to get things done. That is also a reason why today more and more people learn to speak English. Most of the learners of English agree that the ability to express themselves freely in communication is the great importance for their future career, especially in modern societies where contacting with foreigners often occurs. However, there still exist many difficulties in learning and teaching English in Vietnam in general and at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) in particular. Many Vietnamese learners can write and read English quite well but they cannot speak it correctly and fluently in real-life communication. Surely, there are many reasons for this reality. After teaching the non-English major students especially freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry for some years, I have recognized some big obstacles which prevent English language teachers and learners in Vietnam from achieving their aims. These obstacles are: large and heterogeneous classes, students’ low level of English language proficiency, students’ low motivation and some others. Unfortunately, this is not only the situation in these universities but also the case for many other colleges and universities in Vietnam. This has given me the desire to conduct â€Å"A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry† 2. Aims of the study: The research investigates the reality of teaching and learning English speaking skill to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The main goal of the research is to identify the difficulties of teacher and students when they deal with speaking skill. 3. Research questions of the study: 1. What are the difficulties of teacher at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when teaching English speaking to non-English major freshmen? 2. What are the difficulties of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when learning the English speaking? 4. The scope of the study: Teaching and learning the English speaking skill is a wide field for research. In the scope of this study due to the limited time and knowledge, the study focuses on difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to the first-year students of non-English major at HUI. 5. Methods of the study: To fullfill the above aims, the investigator has chosen both qualitative and quantitative methods for the study. Data for analysis are gained through the following sources: Survey questionnaires: this method is used to find out the difficulties the teacher and first-year students of non-English major at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when they learn and teach English speaking. The questionnaires are useful for getting data of the attitudes and behaviors of the teachers and learners when facing these difficulties. It is very convenient for the researcher to conduct the research. Interviews and observation: the methods are significant in getting more qualitative data by getting closer to the objects of the study. Moreover, observation done by the researcher is leading to more objective data and open new perspective of the study. 6. Design of the study: This minor study consists of two parts: Part A- INTRODUCTION: states the rationale, aims, research questions, the scope, method and design of the study. Part B- DEVELOPMENT: includes three chapters: Chapter I -LITERATURE REVIEW: provides theoretical background that is relevant to the purpose of the study. Chapter II -METHODOLOGY: presents the methodology of the study including the research context, methods of study, research design. Chapter III -FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: deals with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. 1. Speaking Skill: 1. 1. 1. Concepts of Speaking: Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking consists of producing systematic verbal utterances to convey meaning (utterances are simply things people say). According to Carter David Nunan’s book (2001:19), â€Å"speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information and it is often spontaneous, open-ended and evolving†, but it is not completely unpredictable. Speaking is fundamental to human communication. Different linguistics has different concepts of speaking but they are all agreeing with this idea. Brown also defines in her book â€Å"speaking as an process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information†, (1994:241). In Brown and Yule’s opinions in teaching the Spoken Language book (1983:236), â€Å"spoken language consists of short, fragmentary utterances in a range of pronunciation†. Usually, there is a great deal of repetition and overlap between one speaker and another. Speaker usually uses non-specific references. They also add that spoken language is made by using the loosely organized syntax, and non-specific words, phrases and filters such as oh, well, uhuh, etc. A comprehensive discussion of the nature of speaking is provided by Bygate (1991:159), who shows that in order to be able to speak a foreign language, it is obviously necessary to have micro-linguistic skills, that is, to understand some grammar, vocabulary and the rules governing how words are put together to form sentences. However, these motor-perceptive skills, as Bygate calls them, are not sufficient since while producing sentences, we often have to adapt them to the circumstances. He then presents the second set of speaking skills: the interaction skills, which involve using knowledge and basic motor-perception skills in deciding what to say and how to say it, while maintaining the intended relation with others. 1. 1. 2. The Role and Status of Speaking in Language Learning and Teaching: As it was implied in the introduction, the skill of speaking has been recently considered by many methodologists a priority in language teaching. Of all the four skills, Ur (1996: 120) concludes, speaking seems intuitively the most important. Most language learners, she adds, are primarily interested in learning to speak. Similar view is held by Nunan, who says that the ability to operate in a second language can be actually equated to the ability to speak that language. Hedge (2000:258) gives the evidence that speaking has recently obtained, at least from textbook writers, the attention it deserves: â€Å"Learners need to develop at the same time the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, functional language and communicative skills. Attention to the systems of language is crucial, but the development of fluency and contextual appropriate are equally important goals†. The reasons for learning to speak competently are formulated as follows: Learners may need the skill to establish and maintain relationships, to negotiate, to influence people. Speaking is the skill by which learners are assessed when the first impression is formed in Hedge’s book (2000: 261). 1. 2. Difficulties in Teaching and Learning to Speak English Skill: 1. 2. 1. Difficulties from Teacher: There is no learning without teaching. So as a tool of implementing teaching plans and achieving teaching goals, teacher talk plays a vital important role in language learning. Quite a few researches have discussed the relationship between teacher talk and language learning. As Nunan (1991:203) points out: â€Å"Teacher talk is of crucial importance, not only for the organization of the classroom but also for the processes of acquisition. It is important for the organization and management of the classroom because it is through language that teachers either succeed or fail in implementing their teaching plans. In terms of acquisition, teacher talk is important because it is probably the major source of comprehensible target language input the learner is likely to receive†. The amount and type of teacher talk is even regarded as a decisive factor of success or failure in classroom teaching. Moreover, to make the process of teaching and learning effective, it is very essential to build a friendly, non-threatening classroom atmosphere which is created on the basis of a close teacher-learner relationship. Therefore, inappropriate teacher pedagogical practices through not only classroom teacher talk but also classroom teacher-learner relationship have also been seen as a major contributor to the difficulties in teaching speaking skill. 1. 2. 2. Difficulties from Students: In speaking class, besides the active learners, some learners feel shy or afraid to speak or express their ideas, especially when students are being asked to give personal information or opinions. Maybe students fear to lose face in front of their classmates. Referring to this problem, David Nunan noted in his book (1999:231), â€Å"In the recent informal survey that I carried out with colleagues, reluctance to speak on the part of student was seen as their biggest challenge†. In the speaking activities, pronunciation plays an important role; it is the way for students to produce clearer language when they speak. If they pronounce wrong, no one can understand what they want to say. Howatt talked about this problem in Ronald Carter and David Nunan’s book (2001: 14), â€Å"it was essential that the learner’s pronunciation should be correct before moving on to texts†. Besides that, the local accent is also another reason so that they need to practice the right pronunciation. They must follow a standard accent to pronounce exactly. â€Å"Another aspect of speaking that is particularly relevant for second language speakers concerns whether or not the speaking is planned or spontaneous† (David Nunan, 2001:227). With speaking performance, students often have mistakes on grammatical points such as word using, tense and sentence structure because there are differences on structure, tenses, and word order between English and Vietnamese. â€Å"Thus, to speak a language, one must know how the language is used in a social context† Richards Renandya (2002:206). Being influenced by the mother tongue, learners sometime cannot use word appropriately and speak English like native speakers because each language has its own rules of usage. That is the main reason preventing students’ ability of English speaking. There are some situations happening in classroom. Teachers give students a topic to speak, but they cannot present the topic. The reason for this problem is that students do not have enough knowledge, vocabulary or they are not major in this topic. When students do not have idea to express the topic, it can be easy for students to feel boring in speaking class. Therefore, in order to improve the speaking skill, students not only understand the basic knowledge involving in many different fields but also have a large knowledge of vocabulary. As Canale and Swain proposed, â€Å"communicative competence includes grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence, which reflect the use of the linguistic system and the functional aspects of communication, respectively†, Richards and Renandya’s book (2002:206). CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2. 1. Method context: 2. 1. 1. Description of the English course for non-English major freshmen and its objectives at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: The study is conducted at Ho Chi Minh university of Industry. They must spend the first two years learning Basic English. They learn integrated skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a 12 credit course in three semesters. Students learn the textbooks American Headway 1B, American Headway 2A, American Headway 2B. The aim of this course for non-English major freshmen is to develop students’ communicative competence in English. After the course, students are expected to communicate in English at the intermediate level. Students will normally learn English to communicate with other people fluently after finishing their study at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. 2. 1. 2. Description of the non-English major freshmen at HUI: Most of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry must learn English from the first semester (at the beginning of the first year) to the second or third semester (at the end of the first year). They start at different levels of English and learn different majors such as Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical, Chemical Engineering, Environment, Information Technology, Business Administration, Finance and Banking. Students who have a certain competence of English forget a part what they learned after the long time they prepared for the university entrance examination. 2. 1. 3. Description of the English teachers at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: Most of English teachers teach English for non-English major students are from Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. Most of them graduated from some institutions or universities of training teachers of English such as Ho Chi Minh University of Pedagogy, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, or other universities in Australia, Canada and English. The qualification status of teaching contingent is that 2-3% has doctoral degree, 85% has MA degree and the rest are postgraduates. Most of the teachers are enthusiastic and active in teaching. The frequent meeting or discussions on how to improve the teaching and learning quality are held to get new ideas about changing teaching and learning methods as well as adapting materials appropriate to students. 2. 2. Methods of study: The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This is, according to Wisjer. G (2001:138) â€Å"a common approach†. Questionnaires are used as a kind of quantitative method of study to collect information from teachers and students. The questionnaires include both closed and open-ended questions which give teachers and students chance to express their opinions on the difficulties of teaching and learning English speaking skill. Besides that, interviews and group observation are used to get quantitative data for the study. Their in-dept thinking noted during the interview will help the researcher have more sights looks into the study issue. Moreover, observations give a condition for the researcher to check whether the teachers and students do what they say in the lessons. 2. 3. Research design: 2. 3. 1. Sample and sampling: The data of the study is collected from two main sources: survey questionnaires and interviews. The survey questionnaire is conducted among 15 teachers who have from 3 to 10 years in teaching English to non-English major students at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The questionnaires for non-English major students are delivered to 150 students learning in three groups. They are first-year students who are taking part in a second semester of their English course. 2. 3. 2. Research Instruments: The data for the study comes from both a quantitative method called survey questionnaires, and two qualitative methods mainly interview and group observation. 2. 3. 3. Data analysis: Data analysis is not only the process of reading out the data collected but the process of interpreting data under the viewpoint and experience of the researcher. The analysis will bring a lot of suppositions in the research question into light. These results will be presented in forms of tables and chart that help to compare different viewpoints of teachers and students on the research problems. CHAPTER III: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This part will deal with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking skill.

What are the key features of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Essay Example

What are the key features of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Essay Example What are the key features of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Paper What are the key features of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Paper In the first century AD, the Stoic philosopher Epictetus observed that people are not disturbed by the events that happen, more so by the view that they take of them (Woolfe and Dryden, 1996). The view a person takes of an event depends on their chosen orientation, and their orientation is influenced by their beliefs about their self in relation to the world (Woolfe and Dryden, 1996). This is the theoretical origin of contemporary Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, one of the major orientations of psychotherapy deriving from cognitive and behavioural psychological models of human behaviour (Grazebrook and Garland, 2005). The earlier of the two approaches was behaviourism, created by JB Watson in 1919 when academic psychology was in its infancy. Watson believed psychology need only concern itself with overtly observable phenomena, not invisible thoughts and images (McLeod, 2003). One of the primary theories pioneered by behaviourists such as Skinner, Watson, Pavlov, Tolman and Thorndike was that all behaviour and beliefs must be learned, and controlled laboratory experiments proceeded to discover how they were learned (McLeod, 2003). Pavlovs (1927) Classical Conditioning model and Skinners (1938) Operant model of learning (Gross, 2005) were the first attempts made to turn behaviourism into therapy and provided the rationale for the Systematic Desensitisation Technique (McLeod, 2003) devised by Wolpe in 1958 (Gross, 2005). However, Tolman (1948) ran a series of experiments with laboratory rats and a maze, which led him to believe they had created a mental map of the maze introducing the study of internal mental events (or cognitions) to behaviourism (Gross, 2005). This new interest in cognition eventually led to the cognitive revolution and the limitations of the stimulus response analysis of human behaviour had in effect been reversed as the fixation of the introspectionists with inner, mental events or cognitions returned to govern psychology once again. This time however, allied to more sophisticated research methods than naive introspection (McLeod, 2003). During the 1960s and 1970s, two pioneering psychologists of psychoanalytic background, Ellis and Beck (respectively) became increasingly aware of the importance in the way the clients though about themselves. Ellis had evolved a more active style of therapy than the associated Cognitive therapy, which over time was renamed several times, but most recently known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). High levels of challenge and confrontation during therapy enabled the client to scrutinise their irrational beliefs or crooked thinking, which Ellis believed stemmed from seeing life in terms of musts or shoulds which he claimed were invariably exaggerated or overstated and the cause of most emotional problems (McLeod, 2003). Elliss (1962) ABC model of human disturbance has made a great impact on the progress and current popularity of cognitive-behaviour therapy (De Bernardi and Wirga, date not known). The A stands for the Actualising event. C stands for the emotional or behavioural consequence and between A and C comes B, the beliefs about the event. Events and the emotional consequences are determined by the belief about the event rather than the actual event (McLeod, 2003). Beck (1976) in his story of his conversion to cognitive therapy explained how after years of working in the psychoanalytic tradition, he was struck by the impact of the patients cognition on his feelings and behaviour. His theory postulates that incorrect habits of interpreting and processing date are learned during cognitive development. The basic concepts of cognitive therapy are fundamentals of contemporary CBT. The first of these concepts is that of schemas, cognitive structures of peoples fundamental beliefs and assumptions which can be adaptive of maladaptive (Nelson-Jones, 2006). Second are Modes, networks of cognition that interpret and adapt to ongoing situations (Beck and Weishaar, 2005). Another is that of cognitive vulnerability, humans cognitive frailty unique to each individual and based upon their schemas (Nelson-Jones, 2006). Dysfunctional beliefs embedded in to schemas contribute to another basic concept called cognitive distortion (Nelson-Jones, 2006). Becks Cognitive Distortion Model (1976) is the best known model of cognitive processing used by cognitive behavioural therapists. Perceptions of events become highly selective, egocentric and rigid when they perceive a situation as threatening causing impairment to the function of normal cognitive processing (McLeod, 2003). .Beck (1976) identified many different kinds of cognitive distortion including; arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralisation, magnification, minimisation and personalisation (McLeod, 2003). Beck described self critical cognitions as automatic thoughts, one of the keys to successful therapy. Automatic thoughts reflect schema content, deeper beliefs and assumptions which are less accessible to awareness (Nelson-Jones, 2006). Acquisition of schemas, automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions and the associated vulnerability to psychological distress, is the result of many factors such as; evolutionary, biological developmental and environmental. Many of these are common across individuals, however, each person has their own unique variations (Nelson-Jones, 2006). The therapeutic goals of cognitive therapy are to re-energise the reality testing system (Nelson-Jones, 2006). Also, to teach the client adaptive meta-cognition, which is the ability to change oneself and environment in order achieve therapeutic change (McLeod, 2003). This concept is central to the work of Ellis and Beck and has been widely researched in developmental psychology. Another therapeutic goal in cognitive psychology is to enable the client to become their own therapist, by providing skills for problem solving for example. Ellis (1962) and Beck (1976) led the way for many other clinicians and writers within the cognitive behavioural paradigm to further develop this (historically, most recent) approach to counselling with yearly contributions of new ideas and techniques being added (Dryden and Golden, 1986: Dryden and Trower, 1988; Dobson, 1988, Freeman et al, 1989). The term Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is now used to refer to behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy and to any therapy based upon the pragmatic amalgamation of the ideology of both cognitive and behavioural theories (Grazebrook and Garland, 2005). There are many facets to contemporary CBT as a result of the previously mentioned mass of regular contributions of new ideas and theories. There are however some key features comprehensively laid out by Grazebook and Garland (2005) as follows. CBT is based on scientific principles which research has proven effective for a wide variety of psychological disorders. A therapeutic alliance is formed between the client and counsellor to gain a shared view of problems in relation to the clients thoughts, feelings and behaviour, usually in relation to the here and now. This usually leads to the agreement of personalised and time limited therapy goals and strategies which the counsellor will continually monitor and evaluate with the client. The outcome of therapy is to focus on specific psychological and practical skills, through reflection and exploration of the meaning attributed to events and situations, and the re-evaluation of those meanings. The treatments are intrinsically empowering, aimed at enabling the client to tackle their problems by employing their own resources. Acquiring and using such skills is seen as the main target, the active component being promotion of change, in particular using homework to put what has been learned into practice between sessions. The client will hopefully accredit the improvement in their problems to their own efforts, with their alliance with the counsellor (Grazebook and Garland, 2005). One of the main differences between CBT and person centred therapy (PCT) is the therapeutic relationship between counsellor and client, which in cognitive behavioural therapy is characterised more as a psycho-educational rather than a medical one (McLeod, 2003). Less attention is paid to the quality of the relationship than to the technical aspects of the therapy although it is not believed to be unimportant. In CBT its is taken for granted that the relationship is necessary, Beck et al (1979) did stress the importance of warmth, accurate empathy and genuineness, but it is not believed to be sufficient to provide therapeutic change (Woolfe and Dryden, 1996) as professed by Rogers (1957) in his proposal of the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change. In CBT there is a Therapist Client Rating Scale (Bennun et al, 1986) where the client can rate the therapist on three factors, positive regard/interest, activity/guidance, and competency/interest. The positive regard is one of Carl Rogers conditions, however, Rogers believed that the clients self-concept was affected by a lack of unconditional acceptance in life. The crucial aspect of UPR in person centred therapy is that the client more explore and express freely, without feeling they must do anything in particular to meet any specific standards of behaviour to earn positive regard from the therapist (Mulhauser, 2007), however, CBT is less concerned with insight and relinquishes the endless search for past hurts and teaches the client how to prevent negative thoughts from creeping into their minds (Langerth, 2007) through set tasks, agendas, and homework assignments (Nelson-Jones, 2006), Another difference between the two approaches is the lesser appreciation of the impact that the counsellors self has on therapy, and cognitive behavioural therapists are not expected to undergo personal therapy, even though the approach allows confrontation and challenging of the client (McLeod. 2006). The basic tenet of the CBT approach is to change the clients thinking which results in a change of behaviour and feelings, when this is directed by the therapist rather than self-directed (as in PCT) there are recurring themes in CBT of management, control and monitoring, particularly from the behavioural origins emphasising operant and classic conditioning (McLeod. 2006). An important task for early behaviourists was to discover how behaviour is learned. McLeod (2005) suggests that this might be due to the coinciding growth of the American advertising industry and the consequent need to control and manipulate consumer behaviour. Interestingly, Watson himself left his academic life to become an advertising executive (McLeod, 2003). In contrast, person centred therapy notes from the outset that the client is their own best authority the focus of PCT is always on the clients own feelings and thoughts, as opposed to judgement by the counsellor through diagnosis or categorisation (Mulhauser, 2007) such as Persons (1993) conceptualisation involves the counsellor devising a mini-theory of the clients problems (McLeod,2003). PCT typically does not give advice or interpretations as Rogers believed that people are trustworthy with a great potential for self awareness and self-directed growth (Cooper, 2007). Ellis (1973) actually claimed that there were virtually no legitimate reasons for a client to be upset, emotionally disturbed or hysterical, regardless of any psychological or verbal stimuli impinged on them. The implications for the therapeutic relationship when the counsellor believes the client is irrational might be considered concerning, by person centred counsellors or theorists who encourage clients to encounter themselves and become more intimate with their own thoughts, feelings and meanings (Mulhauser, 2007). Person centred counsellors aim to help the client develop a framework for understanding life, rather than aiming to fix people like Ellis implies (McLeod, 2006). The efficacy of CBT is a further contrasting aspect, as the approach prides itself on how its effectiveness is amply confirmed in research literature (McLeod, 2006). The philosophy of the Scientist-Practitioner model (Barlow et al, 1984) stresses therapists should integrate ideas of science with their practice, which through a wide array of techniques will provide counsellors with a rewarding sense of competence and potency (McLeod, 2003). CBT maintains a healthy respect for the value of research as means of improving practice, enabling practitioners to be critical and questioning, learning constructively from their colleagues (Woolfe and Dryden, 1996). Person centred therapy however has a developed a reputation for being research aversive and counsellors steer from using evaluation tools on their clients or categorising them by predefined diagnostic measures. The NICE guidelines for mental health and behavioural conditions also indicate little evidence of controlled research on person centred therapy (Cooper, 2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy is brief and time limited, structured and directive in form, whereas person centred therapy is long term, non-directive and the client is the expert. CBT is problem/solution orientation and based on an educational model where homework is the central feature. PCT could be considered simply problem focused, based on feelings and emotions rather than thoughts and behaviour. A sound therapeutic method is necessary but not entirely sufficient in CBT, in contrast to Rogers claim of the relationship and unconditional positive regard being sufficient to provide therapeutic change. The Socratic method of questioning is a key feature of both CBT and PCT, using guided questioning to promote a change in self perception in order to achieve what is after all the main aim of both approaches to make the clients life happier and more satisfying.

Two Factors That Contribute to Global Warming Essay

Two Factors That Contribute to Global Warming - Essay Example Structure, Organization, Clear Thesis is my instructor’s the most concerning parts. It might look complicated but it’s actually quite simple just keep in mind that each body paragraph has to start with the topic sentence and end with conclusion sentence. Â  The earth’s surface temperature has been increased around 0.750 C during the last century ending in 2005, as per the statistics collected by the scientists. It is likely to rise further 1.1 to 6.40 C during the twenty-first century. Studies showed that warming and sea level rise may continue for more than 1000 years even if we manage to stabilize the greenhouse gas levels. Increased global temperature can cause sea levels to rise, increased extreme weather intensities, changes in agricultural yields etc. Though some natural phenomena such as solar variations and volcanoes probably had a small warming effect, scientists unanimously agreed that the major reasons are manmade only. Â  Of course, the invention of fossil fuel has revolutionized the human life. It boosted the industrialization in general and specifically the automobile sector. But nobody was aware of the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the global warming or pretended like that in order to utilize the fossil fuel for the development of the economy. As per nature’s law whatever the CO2 come out from the living things has been neutralized by the absorption of CO2 by the trees and plants. This equilibrium has been broken by the entry of fossil fuel. Its combustion liberates an enormous amount of CO2 to the atmosphere which is not been countered by any other sources. Thus the CO2 percentage in the atmosphere goes on increasing as far as we use fossil fuel and automobiles which is running on petrol and diesel. Â  

Planning Project of PepsiCo in the United Kingdom Assignment

Planning Project of PepsiCo in the United Kingdom - Assignment Example To achieve this purpose, the chosen company is PepsiCo. Inc. which manufactures and markets diverse brands. The origin of Pepsi Cola was traced from the talent of Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, North Carolina pharmacist more than 120 years ago. Together with Coca-Cola, these two soft drinks manufacturer has revolutionized the beverage industry through their concoction of carbonated soft drinks (CDS), defined by Canadean (2010) as beverages that include sweetened, non-alcoholic drinks containing carbon dioxide (par. 1). The British Soft Drinks Association (BSDA) (2010) more comprehensively defined carbonates as â€Å"ready to drink including draught dispense; home dispense; regular including sparkling juice; low calorie and zero calorie; cola; lemon including lemonade; lemon-lime; mixers including tonic and bitter drinks; orange; shandy; others including other carbonated fruit flavours, energy drinks, sparkling flavoured water, health drinks and herbal drinks† (British Soft Drinks Association (BSDA) 2010, 9). In the UK, PepsiCo. started operations in 1953 and the Pepsi Max brand was firs t marketed in 1993 (PepsiCo UK & Ireland 2011). believe we should be known not just for the financial results we generate but also for the imprint we leave on society as a whole† (PepsiCo UK & Ireland 2011). To achieve this purpose, the organization designed and implemented strategies that focus on healthier products, protecting the environment, and providing holistic support for personal and professional growth for their people. As such, PepsiCo UK aims to transform their core business into providing products with potential health benefits and ensure that they would be catalysts of change in UK’s food and beverage industry (PepsiCo UK & Ireland 2011). Accordingly, the future thrusts of the organization are to lead in the promotion of healthy products by producing and delivering balanced amounts of fruit, vegetables, wholegrain, fiber, and other positive nutrients and food groups  (PepsiCo UK & Ireland 2011).

Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law - Assignment Example Answer: the Florida State Court would have jurisdiction over the civil case if the complaint filed was for tort and the amount of damage is $5,001/$15,000 and the parties have sufficient contact with the state of Florida. a.) Answer: The Court acquires personal jurisdiction over the plaintiff through the pleadings filed such as complaint and serve the defendants the summons and copy of the complaint. The court has jurisdiction over the person of the plaintiffs since they are residents of the state and they have connection to the geographic area on which the court sits. b.) Answer: State Court acquires jurisdiction over the defendant by serving him the summons and complaint. Ureta 2 c.) Answer: The court acquires personal jurisdiction over Crete Carrier Corp., the Lincoln, Neb., trucking company by serving it the summons and copy of the complaint and by the application of the long arm statute. 5. Answer: The principal, which is the Crete Carrier Corp., the Lincoln, Neb., is primarily liable because under the agency law, the principal is liable for all the acts of the agent which are within the authority usually confided to an agent of that character, notwithstanding limitations, as between the principal and the agent, put upon that authority. The driver was acting within the authority confided to him by the principal when the accident happened. 6. Answer: As an independent contractor, the driver of the truck is primarily liable because the employer has no control how the work is done provided the result was delivered to him. 7. Answer. a. the plaintiffs can collect the entire judgment from either defendant 8. Answer: Punitive damages are in order in this case for this is a tort case of a highhanded nature. 9. Answer: a. The plaintiffs would divide the punitive damages among themselves. 10. a. yes Explanation: In cases of accident, the defendant may be sued criminally and civilly. In the tort case, the defendant is liable for damages while in criminal case, he is liable for the deaths of the 7 children. b. Answer: No Explanation: The trucking company, which is a corporation may only be civilly sued by the plaintiffs in order to recover damages. A corporation cannot be held criminally responsible for any tortuous act of its employee’s for it cannot be put to jail. Ureta 3 PART B Section 1. Article Identification: Title of the Article: State investigates Slope accident that crushed worker (PINNED: Alaska West Express worker, Fay, suffers crushed chest) Name of Publication: Anchorage Daily News retrieved from http://www.adn.com/2009/11/02/997243/state-investigates-slope-accident.html Date of Publication: November 2, 2009 Article Summary Just before midnight of October 27, 2009, a worker of Arctic Slope Regional, Inc., named John Fay was pinned between a tractor truck and a semi-trailer. An employee of Alaska West Express Inc. a trucking subsidiary of the Anchorage-based Lynden Inc drove the truck. Arctic Slope confirmed that Fay who rem ained in critical care at Providence Alaska Medical Center works for the company. Preliminary information gathered was that the truck either backed into John Fay or ran him over. It operates divisions in petroleum refining and marketing, government technical services, energy services and construction. It was not immediately clear what division of the company Fay worked for but Steve Standley, chief of enforcement at Alaska Occupational Safety and Health, said preliminary reports are that he was a laborer. Section 2: Information About the Type of Case State

How Could Religion Cause Violence Religion Essay

How Could Religion Cause Violence Religion Essay How could religion cause violence? Almost all religions around the world are based on love, peace and order. They all have certain rules and principles that hold love, peace, and order together within a society, but as the widely known saying states: Rules are meant to be broken; many people twist and misinterpret the sacred texts like the Bible, the Quran, the Torah, etc. Even though religions around the world are considered to be peaceful and harmless, still every single religion in the world and its texts have been misunderstood or misinterpreted. The results of this are motivation and justification for violence. This essay will explore the various causes for violence in the religions around the world, and it will closely discuss that violence is, in fact, caused by the people who practice religion, instead of religion itself, influenced by other factors outside of it. Religion does posses a potential for extremism because it deals with extreme things. People can compromise with small disputes over borders and territory, but people cannot compromise with the will of God since it is absolute. However, religion should be based on love, but it can quickly be transformed into the opposite-hatred. It is the same as the passionate love between a man and a woman can be transformed into murderous jealousy. Often enough religion has been viewed as the prime suspect for violence between ethnic groups or within them. Religion can cause violence by misinterpretation of the messages that the sacred texts are supposed to send, and a lot of the sacred texts are, in fact, misinterpreted and because of that, extremists find inspiration and justification that it is in their religion that they have to exercise violence upon others (Hitchcock). A lot of the ancient and modern, major conflicts are considered to be connected to religion in some way. Any religion can be used as an excuse for violence. For example, The Crusade Wars resulted in a lot of bloodshed on both Christian and Muslim sides of the mass conflict. Jews have committed genocide over nations for the sole reason to fulfill their cause. The war in 1991 in Yugoslavia pitted Catholic, Orthodox Christians, and Muslims against each other in a very bloody war. Violence in religion even exceeds conflicts between different ethnic groups; it also happens within the same ethnic groups. In Burma, thousands of monks are being tortured and executed. Also during the Christian Reformation thousands of people were killed because of their religious beliefs. All of the followers of these religions believed that they were doing the right thing by going to war to protect their religion, eradicate the heretics or non believers, or to gain control over the holy land (Hopfe). On the contrary, every religion in the world is a peaceful one. In not one single religion that exists or existed, in both past and present, preaches violence to solutions of existential problems. In every single one of the sacred texts, the Torah, the Quran, the Bible, the Theravadas and all the others, there are principles and rules that require people to abide by them. These principles forbid murder, stealing, or doing any harm to any human, and sometimes any other being in the world. They are based on justice and impartiality, they dont tolerate terrorism or any other kind of extremism, in fact, they condemn it. In all of the examples that were stated above, it would seem that religious beliefs of people are the reason for major conflicts and various violent acts. That is not the case; in fact, the true reasons violence ever happens are economic, political, and even ethnic disputes. Even in the cultures that religion plays a vital part of everyday life there is nothing like a pure religious conflict. There is always some other outside factors involved. It could never be, and it never has been broad enough to cause terrorism or any kind of extreme violence. People only use religion as a justification for a violence rhetoric or behavior (Cline). For example, economics play a major role in conflicts that are attributed to religion. Many soldiers that fought in the crusades went for the wealth they would acquire from all the plundering they would do, aside from liberating the holy land from the Muslims. The Muslims, on the other hand, they can also be seen fighting for the economic perspective. They fought to preserve their recently conquered land, to protect and harvest the resources from it and collect taxes from the people that live there. So if the sole reason people go into these conflicts is their economic gain, than when the economic factor is taken out of the equation, people wont have anything to conflict about; the justification would be removed. So this same example should be considered for religion also. Even if religion is not the factor, it could still be called a religious conflict, if justifications are provided by religion. The existence of other factors means that the removal of religion might not end the conflict, but the removal of the primary justifications and explanations would have to make significant changes in how the conflict is understood and pursued, not to mention its ultimate goals (Cline). This means that religion is only the justification for a conflict, and when religion is removed from a conflict the real reasons are exposed; the reasons like hatred and greed for power and wealth. In fact, just because a lot of the people who engage in violence, like warfare and terrorism in the world happen to be religious, or claim any kind of religion and religious doctrines as their reasons for acting, doesnt necessarily mean that religion caused them to do those things. Indeed, for every violent religious extremist, there are many more people living peacefully aside from them who exercise their same beliefs but just choose to act in a different way. For example, for every violent Al Qaida Muslim terrorist in the world, there are many more innocent, Muslim people simply trying to go about their lives, and if they sympathize with Al Qaida, they are not agreeing with any violent extreme, which makes a huge difference in perspective. What about people that say that they act in accordance with their religion and wage holy wars? Even if the people believe that statement, the religious doctrine itself is not the cause of violence; ins tead, the person that acts with that justification is the cause of violence. People wage wars, religions do not. They simply use it as a tool to bring and unite others so they can achieve their personal, egoistic goals. In other words, religion is being used as an excuse by holy warriors that do not tolerate other religions. If they understand any kind of free will or the concept of human individualism, than they will realize that it is not the doctrine, rhetoric or the religion, but it is the individual that is responsible for his or her own actions (Newell). Although religion is still considered to preach peace and love, some of the messages religion sends are misinterpreted by individuals, which is the cause of violence. The biggest reason violence is connected to religion is because individuals that are driven by greed and hatred towards other religions, twist the views of a particular religion, and present their deferred standpoint to others, so by involving God or any other supreme being they would get more followers. It is not the religion or the belief itself, but it is the actions of the individual that cause mass damage and violence between people. If perhaps people actually lived the good principles and not the interpretations of the principles of religion like charity, forgiveness, and personal accountability, the world might, it just might be a better place (Newell).

Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays

Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>. Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>.

Aspects of the NASW Code of Ethics

In the â€Å"Code of Ethics† for the Social Work Profession there are six Ethical principles that apply to everyone in the profession. It is important for all social workers to know the values that are listed in the Ethical Principles of the Code of Ethics for the Social work Profession. Values are a societies system of beliefs, principles, and traditions that define and influence behaviors and practices among people. It is important for all social workers to know the values that are listed in the Ethical Principles of the Code of Ethics for the Social work Profession. The ethical principles include service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Service is a very important value that is listed in the Ethical principles in the Social work Code of ethics because a social worker’s primary goal is to help those people who are in need and to address to common social Problems. A social worker has to gain knowledge, values, skills, and methods in order to help other people in need of services and to address social problems that often arise. As a social worker it is crucial for me to gain enough knowledge, identify my values as well as the profession of social work’s values in the Code of Ethics, skills, and methods so that I will be able to efficiently help other people in need and to address the common social problems in my society. Social Justice is another very important value that is listed in the Ethical Principles of the Social Work Code of Ethics because Social workers strive for change on behalf of those who are oppressed by society. Social workers strive for equality for opportunities for all people of society. As a Social Worker it is important for me to stand beside those people who are oppressed by society and to help give them the same opportunities as others in their society. I will have to strive for change of those who are oppressed because they deserve the same opportunities as everyone else in their community. Another important value in the Code of Ethics of the Social Work profession includes Dignity and Worth of the Person. It is crucial for Social Workers to treat all of their clients equally. A Social Worker must treat all people with the same respect no matter what their culture, ethnicity, or their situation may be. As a Social Worker I will have to be aware that my clients may have a different culture, religion, ethnicity, and many other differences than me but I still have to be able to provide the same services equally. As a Social Worker I will have to give respect to all of my clients. The Value of Importance of Human Relationships is also very important to the Profession of Social Work because it is important for all Social Workers to recognize how important human relationships are to people in society. Social Workers have to be aware that relationships among people are important for change. Social Workers try to strengthen relationships for their clients and the people in their clients’ lives in an effort to promote, restore, maintain, and to help enhance the wellbeing of their clients. As a Social Worker, I will be responsible to help my clients’ restore and maintain positive relationships between people, family, friends, and communities in an effort to promote positive change in society. Integrity is one of the most important values listed in the Code of Ethics for the Social Work Profession. Social workers have to prove to be trustworthy by being honest and responsible. In order for me to be an effective Social Worker my supervisor and clients have to know that I am trustworthy, responsible, and honest. As a social worker I will have to respect my clients’ rights to confidentiality in order to prove that I am trustworthy. Once a Social worker loses a clients’ trust it is very difficult to gain it again so it is crucial for a Social Worker not to break the trust of their clients. Competence is another very important value that is listed in the Social Work Profession’s Code of Ethics. Social Workers should only work in areas in which they are comfortable, and knowledgeable in. If a Social Worker is not knowledgeable or comfortable in then it is extremely difficult for them to identify what resources are available and what is needed in order to help a client. As a Social Worker it is important to gain knowledge to be able to work in many different fields. As a Social Worker I have already identified what fields I want to concentrate on the most but if by some chance I should happen to work in a different field of the profession I will gain the knowledge for that specific position and I will seek the help of superiors and advisors of the Social Work Profession. Along with the values listed in the Ethical Principles in the Social Work Profession’s Code of Ethics are the Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Clients in which there are sixteen listed in the Code of Ethics. The ten that I have Chosen I believe are the most important in order to be efficient Social Worker. The ten Ethical Responsibilities in which I have chosen include Commitment to Clients, Self Determination, Informed Consent, Competence, Privacy and Confidentiality, Access to Records, Physical Contact, Sexual Relationships, Derogatory Language, and Termination of Services. All of these Ethical Responsibilities to Clients are I believe to be essential in order to be a professional Social Worker. A Social worker has to have commitment to their Clients because their primary responsibility is to ensure and to promote the wellbeing of their clients. It will be my responsibility as a Social Worker to know the wellbeing of all of my clients and to know what is in their best interest. I will also need to prove my loyalty to my clients but I will also have to inform all of my clients’ that as a Social Worker I have certain legal obligations in which I have to abide by as well. Another very important Ethical Standard in the Social Work Professions Code of Ethics includes the client’s right to Self Determination. Social Worker has to respect their clients’ rights to self determination and assist them in their efforts in identifying, pursuing, and accomplishing their goals. Self Determination allows clients to make their own decisions for what they want to do in life with the assistance of a Social Worker to guide them through the process as long as it is lawful, and poses no threat or risks to the client. As a Social Worker I will need to be able to help my clients’ identify, pursue, and accomplish their goals. Informed Consent is a very important ethical standard listed in the Social Work Profession’s Code of ethics as well because a Social Worker is only supposed to provide services in a professionally based relationship. Social Workers are responsible in using clear, easy to understand language to inform their clients of the purpose of services, risks, limitations, requirements, and other important notices as well. Social Workers must give their clients time to ask questions about the services they are applying for as well as answering those questions. It is extremely important for clients to be able to understand what services they qualify for and the requirement of those services. As a Social Worker I will have to use clear language while speaking to my clients so that I can gain their Informed Consent after they understand what they need in order to qualify for a service. I will have to allow time for my clients to ask questions about the service in which they are applying for so that they fully understand the requirements. Competence s a very important Ethical responsibility because a social worker should only provide services within the boundaries of their own knowledge, training, certification, and license. A social worker should not work in any environment in which they are not qualified for because then they cannot fully provide the services in which may be needed due to their lack of e xperience. Privacy and confidentiality is very important to a Social Worker’s Clients’. As a social worker it is very important to respect a client’s privacy. It is highly unethical to exploit and share a client’s personal information to anyone in which the client had trusted you with. The only time it is important to share a client’s information is if it is needed to provide services. I believe that Privacy is important to the client due to their willingness to confide and trust you as a social worker. It is very important for clients to have access to their records. It is up to the social workers to determine just how much of the clients’ records are available to them. A social worker has to protect their clients from mental harm by denying access to certain parts of the records and to interpret the records for their clients. A Social Worker is advised to not have physical contact with any of their clients. Physical contact can cause psychological harm as well as misinterpretation to clients. It is up to the social worker to set up boundaries between themselves and their clients. Derogatory Language is very unprofessional and should not be used by Social Workers in front of their clients. A social worker is encouraged to speak in a respectable way when talking to clients and while on the job. Under no circumstances is a Social Worker to have Sexual Relationships with previous or current clients. A social worker may not have sexual relations with anyone to which the client is related to either. Not only is it unprofessional for a Social Worker to have Sexual relations with their clients’, it is also wrong and could cost them their job. Before a Social Worker can Terminate Services to a client they should not abandon a client who is still in need of services. It will be up to me as a Social Worker to assess which clients still need my services and which ones I think are self sufficient and no longer need my services. If I leave my position to seek another opportunity it will be my responsibility to inform my clients upon my departure.